Inputs and outputs in an ecological system
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Acacia spp. - Acacia
Acer spp. - Maple
Achillea millefolium - Yarrow
Acorn
Actinidia arguta - Hardy kiwifruit
Actinidia deliciosa - Kiwifruit
Actinidia kolomikta - Hardy kiwifruit
Actinidia spp. - Kiwi
Agrostis spp. - Bentgrass
Ailanthus altissima - Tree of heaven
Air purification
Ajuga reptans - Bugle
Albizzia julibrisin - Mimosa
Allantoin
Allelopathy
Allium sativum - Garlic
Allium schoenoprasum - Chives
Allium spp. - Alliums
Allium tricoccum - Ramps
Allium tuberosum - Garlic chives
Almond
Alnus spp. - Alder
Amalanchier alnifolia - Serviceberry
Amalanchier spp. - Serviceberry
Amaranthus retroflexus - Red root Pigweed
Ammi majus - Toothpick ammi
Amoracia rusticana - Horseradish
Amorpha fruticosa - False indigo
Amphicarpeae bracteata - Hog peanut
Anagallis arvensis - Scarlet Pimpernel
Anethum graveolens - Dill
Angelica gigas - Angelica
Annual
Anthemis arvensis - Corn Chamomile
Anthemis tinctoria - Golden marguerite
Apios americana - Groundnut
Apios spp. - Groundnut
Apple
Apricot
Arachis hypogaea - Peanut
Arctium minus - Burdock
Arctostaphyllos manzanita - Manzanita
Arctostaphyllos spp. - Manzanita
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - Bearberry
Aronia melanocarpa - Chokeberry
Asarum canadense - Wild ginger
Ash
Asimina trilobata - Pawpaw
Astilbe spp. - Meadow sweet
Astragalus spp. - Milkvetch
Atriplex hastata - Fat hen
Attracting bees
Attracting beneficial insects
Avena sativa - Oat
Azolla filiculoides - Pacific Mosquitofern
Baccharis pilularis - Coyote brush
Baptisia australis - Blue false indigo
Barberry
Bark
Barrier
Bean
Bee food
Bee shelter
Bees
Beeswax
Berberis spp. - Barberry
Berberis thunbergii - Japanese barberry
Berry
Beta vulgaris - Swiss chard
Betula spp. - Birch
Biennial
Biodiversity
Biomass
Bird
Bird house
Bird nesting space
Borago officinalis - Borage
Branches
Brassica napus - Rapeseed
Brassica spp. - Mustard
Bunium bulbocastanum - Earth chestnut
Caenothus spp. - Wild lilac
Calcium
Calcium accumulator
Calcium carbonate
Camassia quamash - Camas
Campanula poscharskyana - Trailing bellflower
Canavanine
Candle
Canola oil
Capsella bursa-pastoris - Shepherd's purse
Caragana arborescens - Siberian pea shrub
Carbon
Carbon dioxide
Carbon storage
Carduus nutans - Nodding thistle
Carotene
Carum carvi - Caraway
Carya illinoensis - Pecan
Carya laciniosa - Shellbark hickory
Carya ovata - Shagbark hickory
Carya spp. - Hickory
Castanea alnifolia - Chinkapin
Castanea dentata - American chestnut
Castanea mollissima - Chinese chestnut
Castanea pumila - Chinkapin
Castanea sativa - Sweet chestnut
Castanea spp. - Chestnut
Cat food
Celtis conferta subsp. amblyphylla - Cottonwood
Celtis occidentalis - Hackberry
Celtis spp. - Hackberry
Cercocarpus montanus - Mountain mahogany
Chamomilla recutita - German Chamomile
Charcoal
Chenopodium album - Lamb's quarters
Chenopodium quinoa - Quinoa
Chenopodium spp. - Goosefoot
Chicken
Chicken manure
Cichorium intybus - Chicory
Cirsium arvense - Canada thistle
Cirsium arvense - Creeping thistle
Clematis spp. - Clematis
Clethra alnifolia - Summersweet clethra
Clitoria mariana - Butterfly pea
Clock
Cloud
Cobalt
Cobalt accumulator
Colutea arborescens - Bladder senna
Comptonia peregrina - Sweetfern
Condensation
Cooling
Copper
Copper accumulator
Cornus florida - Flowering Dogwood
Cornus mas - Cornelian cherry dogwood
Cornus spp. - Dogwood
Corylus spp. - Hazel
Crataegus aestivalis - Mayhaw
Crataegus azarolus - Azarole
Crataegus azarolus - Red azarole
Crataegus douglasii - Black hawthorn
Crataegus opaca - Mayhaw
Crataegus spp. - Hawthorn
Crotolaria juncea - Sunn hemp
Cucumber
Cucumis melo - Melon
Cucumis sativus - Cucumber
Cucumis spp. - Cucumbers and Melons
Cucurbita spp. - Squash
Cydonia oblonga - Quince
Cytisus spp. - Broom
Daucus carota - Queen Anne's lace
Deciduous
Deep mulch
Deer forage
Deer repellent
Desmodium spp. - Trefoil
Dioscorea batatas - Chinese mountain yam
Diospyros kaki - Asian persimmon
Diospyros virginiana - American persimmon
Diospyrus spp. - Persimmon
Dog food
Drought-tolerance
Duck
Dust collection
Edible chestnut
Egg
Eggshell
Elaeagnus × submacrophylla - Elaeagnus
Elaeagnus angustifolia - Russian olive
Elaeagnus commutata - Silverberry
Elaeagnus multiflora - Goumi
Elaeagnus umbellata - Autumn olive
Equisetum spp. - Horsetails
Eriobotrya japonica - Loquat
Evergreen
Fagopyrum dibotrys - Perennial buckwheat
Fagopyrum esculentums - Buckwheat
Fagopyrum spp. - Buckwheat
Fagus grandiflora - Beech
Fagus sylvatica - Beech
Fargesia spp. - Bamboo
Feather
Feijoa fruit
Feijoa sellowiana - Pineapple guava
Fennel seed
Fertilizer
Festuca rubra - Red fescue
Fibre
Ficus carica - Fig
Fig
Fire
Firebreak
Fish habitat
Flaxseed
Flaxseed oil
Fodder
Foeniculum vulgare - Fennel
Folate - VitaminB9
Foriestiera spp. - Privet
Fragaria spp. - Strawberry
Fraxinus spp. - Ash
Fruit
Fuel
Gaia's Garden - A Guide to Home-Scale Permaculture, 2nd Edition
Gallium aparine - Cleavers
Garlic cloves
Gaultheria shallon - Salal
Genista spp. - Genista
Gleditsia triacanthos - Honey Locust
Glucose
Glycyrrhiza spp. - Licorice
Grapes
Green manure
Ground cover
Gymnocladus dioica - Kentucky coffee tree
Hail
Hair
Hamamelis virginiana - Witch hazel
Hay
Hazelnut
Heat
Heat insulation
Heat regulation
Hedge
Hedysarum boreale - Sweet vetch
Helianthus annuus - Sunflower
Helianthus tuberosus - Jerusalem artichoke
Herb
Hippophae rhamnoides - Sea buckthorn
Honey
Hordeum vulgare - Barley
House
Hugelkultur
Human
Human effort
Human food
Humanure
Humulus lupulus - Hops
Hydraulic redistribution
Ilex spp. - Holly
Infrared light
Insect repellent
Insect shelter
Iron
Iron accumulator
Jasminum spp. - Jasmine
Juglans ailantifolia cordiformis - Heartnut
Juglans cinerea - Butternut
Juglans nigra - Black walnut
Juglans spp. - Walnut
Juglans x bisbyi - Buartnut
Juglone
Juniperus virginiana - Eastern red cedar
Kitchen scraps
Laburnum anagyroides - Golden-chain tree
Lake
Larrea tridentata - Creosote bush
Lathyrus spp. - Sweet pea
Lavandula angustifolia - Lavender
Leaves
Lemna minor - Duckweed
Lespedeza thunbergii - Bush clover
Light at night
Linaria vulgaris - Toadflax
Linum usitatissimum - Flax
Liriodendron tulipfera - Tulip tree
Lomatium spp. - Biscuit root
Lonicera caerula var. edulis - Honeysuckle
Lonicera maackii - Amur honeysuckle
Lonicera spp. - Honeysuckle
Lotus corniculatus - Bird's foot trefoil
Lupinus spp. - Lupine
Lycium spp. - Wolfberry
Lye
Maackia amurensis - Amur Maackia
Maclura pomifera - Osage orange
Magnesium
Magnesium accumulator
Malus pumila - Apple
Malus spp. - Apple
Manganese
Manganese accumulator
Manure
Maple syrup
Meat
Medicago lupulina - Clover
Medicago sativa - Alfalfa
Medicago spp. - Alfalfa
Medicago truncatula - Barrel medic
Melissa officinalis - Lemon balm
Mentha piperita - Peppermint
Mentha spp. - Mint
Mespilus germanica - Medlar
Mice repellent
Minerals
Montia spp. - Miner's lettuce
Moon
Morus alba - White mulberry
Morus nigra - Black mulberry
Morus spp. - Mulberry
Mulch
Myrica cerifrea - Wax Myrtle
Myrica gale - Sweet gale
Myrica pensylvanica - Bayberry
Myrica spp. - Bayberry
Narcissus poeticus - Daffodil
Nasturtium officinale - Watercress
National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees
Navarretia squanosa - Skunk cabbage
Nectar
Niacin - Vitamin B3
Nicotiana spp. - Tobacco
Nicotine
Nitrogen
Nitrogen accumulator
Nitrogen fixer
Nut
Nutrient accumulator
Nutrient transport
Ocean
Oenothera biennis - Primrose
Olea europaea - Olive
Olive oil
Origanum vulgare - Oregano
Oxalis tuberosa - Oca
Oxygen
Palmaria palmata - Dulse
Panicum miliaceum - Millet
Pantothenic acid - VitaminB5
Passiflora spp. - Passionfruit
Pawpaw fruit
Peach
Pear
Pelargonium spp. - Scented Geranium
Perching bird
Perching space
Perennial
Persimmon
Petroselinum crispum - Parsley
pH regulation
Phaseolus coccineus - Scarlet runner bean
Phaseolus spp. - Bean
Phellodendron amurense - Amur cork tree
Phlox spp. - Phlox
Phlox stolonifera - Creephing phlox
Phlox subulata - Thrift
Phosphate
Phosphorus
Phosphorus accumulator
Photosynthesis
Phyllostachys spp. - Bamboo
Phytoestrogens
Picea spp. - Spruce
Pinus edulis - Piñon pine
Pinus pinea - Stone pine
Pinus spp. - Pine
Pistachio
Pistacia lentiscus - Lentisk
Pistacia spp. - Pistachio
Pisum sativum - Pea
Plant
Plantago spp. - Plantain
Pollination
Polypodium glycyrrhiza - Licorice fern
Pond
Poop
Poop beast
Populus spp. - Poplar
Portulaca oleracea - Purslane
Potassium
Potassium accumulator
Potassium hydroxide
Potentilla anserina - Silverweed
Potentilla fruticosa - Cinquefoil
Potentilla spp. - Cinquefoil
Poterium sanguisorba - Salad burnet
Poultry
Poultry forage
Prosopis glandulosa - Mesquite
Prosopis spp. - Mesquite
Protein
Pruning
Prunus armenciaca - Apricot
Prunus avium - Cherry
Prunus besseyi - Hansen's bush cherry
Prunus cerasus - Cherry
Prunus domestica - Plum
Prunus dulcis - Almond
Prunus persica - Peach
Prunus spp.
Prunus tomentosa - Nanking cherry
Pseudotsuga menziesii - Douglas fir
Psoralea esculenta - Breadroot
Psoralea esculenta - Prairie turnip
Psoralea spp. - Fountainbush
Pteridium aquifolium - Eastern Bracken
Punica spp. - Pomegranate
Pyrus communis - Pear tree
Pyrus pyrifolia - Asian pear
Pyrus spp. - Pear
Quercus garryana - White oak
Quercus macrocarpa - Bur oak
Quercus spp. - Oaks
Rabbit repellent
Rain collection
README
Rhamnus californica - California coffeeberry
Rhamnus caroliniana - Indian Cherry
Rhamnus lycioides - Black hawthorn
Rhamnus spp. - Buckthorn
Rhus glabra - Smooth sumac
Rhus spp. - Sumac
Rhus typhina - Staghorn sumac
Ribes cereum - Wax currant
Ribes hirtellum - Gooseberry
Ribes nigrum - Black currant
Ribes rubrum - Red currant
Ribes spp. - Currant
Ribes uva-crispa - Gooseberry
Ribes x Rubus - Jostaberry
Riboflavin - VitaminB2
River
Robinia pseudoacacia - Black Locust
Rock
Rocket stove
Roof
Rosa rugosa - Rugose rose
Rosa spp. - Rose
Rose hip
Rubus discolor - Himalayan blackberry
Rubus idaeus - Red raspberry
Rubus nepalensis - Napalese raspberry
Rubus occidentalis - Black raspberry
Rubus spp. - Blackberry
Rumex acetosella - Sheep sorrel
Rumex obtusifolia - Broad leaved Dock
Rumex spp. - Dock
Salix spp. - Willow
Salsola pestifer - Russian thistle
Salvia spp. - Sage
Sambucus caerculea - Blue elderberry
Sambucus nigra - Black elderberry
Sambucus spp. - Elderberry
Satureja spp. - Savory
Schisandra chinensis - Magnolia vine
Sea
Secale cereale - Rye
Sedum spp. - Stonecrop
Seneciu vulgaris - Groundsel
Sesbania exaltata - Sesbania
Shade
Shelter
Shepherdia argentea - Buffaloberry
Shepherdia spp. - Buffaloberry
Shrub
Silicon
Silicon accumulator
Skin cells
Slug
Snow
Sodium hydroxide
Soil
Soil aeration
Soil building
Soil scratching
Soil stabilization
Soil tilling
Solanaceae spp. - Nightshade
Solanum tuberosum - Potato
Sonchus arvensis - Sow thistle
Sorbus spp. - Mountain ash
Spartium junceum - Spanish broom
Stacking functions in a permaculture system
Stars
Stellaria media - Chickweed
Storage
Strawberry
Strophistyles umbellata - Wild Bean
Stylosanthes biflora - Pencil flower
Sulfur
Sulfur accumulator
Sun
Sunflower oil
Sunflower seed
Swale
Symphytum officinale - Comfrey
Tagetes minuta - Mexican marigold
Tagetes spp. - Marigold
Tanacetum vulgare - Tansy
Taraxacum officinale - Dandelion
Taraxacum spp. - Dandelion
Taraxacum vulgara - Dandelion
Thermal mass
Thermopsis villosa - Carolina bush pea
Thiamine - VitaminB1
Thlaspi caerulescens - Alpine Pennycress
Thread
Thymus praecox - Creephing thyme
Thymus vulgaris - Thyme
Tide
Tipuana Tipu - Tipa
Tobacco
Tree
Trifolium spp. - Clover
Tritium aestivum - Wheat
Tropaeolum majus - Nasturtium
Tropaeolum spp. - Nasturtium
Tropaeolum tuberosum - Mashua
Tussilago farfara - Coltsfoot
Typha angustifolia - Cattail
Typha latifolia - Cattail
Typha spp. - Cattail
Ulmus spp. - Elm
Understanding of inputs and outputs within ecological design elements
Urine
Urtica urens - Stinging nettle
UV-light
Vaccinium macrocarpon - Cranberry
Vaccinium spp. - Blueberry
Vaccinium vitis-idaea - Lingonberry
Valeriana officinalis - Valerian
Vegetable oil
Verbascum spp. - Common Mullein
Verbena peruviana - Prostrate verbena
Verbena spp. - Verbena
Verbena tenera - Prostrate verbena
Viburnum opulus - European cranberry
Viburnum trilobum - American cranberry
Vicia faba - Fava bean
Vicia spp. - Vetch
Vicia villosa - Hairy vetch
Vigna unguiculata - Cowpea
Vine
Viola adorata - Sweet violet
Visible light
VitaminA
VitaminB
VitaminB6
VitaminC
VitaminD
VitaminE
VitaminK
Vitis spp. - Grape
Water
Water purification
Water retention
Water vapor
Waterproofing
Wax
Weed suppression
What is ecology
Wildlife habitat
Willow feeder
Wind reduction
Windbreak
Winter fruits for birds
Wisteria spp. - Wisteria
Wood
Wood stove
Xanthocera sorbifolium - Yellowhorn
Zea mays - Corn
Zinc
Zinc accumulator
Zingiber mioga - Hardy ginger
Ziziphus jujuba - Jujube
Home
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Hedge
Hedge
Jun 28, 2024
1 min read
Functions
Windbreak
Wildlife habitat
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Stacking functions in a permaculture system