Elderberry is a genus of deciduous shrubs and small trees known for their clusters of white or cream flowers and dark purple berries. The berries and flowers are used in traditional medicine to boost the immune system and are made into syrups, wines, and jams. Elderberries also attract birds and beneficial insects.

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  1. Sambucus nigra | Plants for a Future 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

  2. Gaia’s Garden - A Guide to Home-Scale Permaculture, 2nd Edition Table 7-2

  3. Gaia’s Garden - A Guide to Home-Scale Permaculture, 2nd Edition Table 7-3

  4. Gaia’s Garden - A Guide to Home-Scale Permaculture, 2nd Edition Table 10-1